Pollen allergy and hay fever.

Recognising the symptoms

Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, can cause sneezing, a blocked or runny nose and itching. Eyes can become red, irritated or watery; this is known as allergic conjunctivitis.

Coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing may also occur. Tell your doctor about these symptoms, as they may require an asthma assessment. These signs are not always caused by an allergy, which is why an assessment can be helpful.

Which pollens are found in Switzerland?

The pollens involved vary according to your sensitivity and environment. It is useful to distinguish three groups:

• TreesBirch, hazel, alder and ashExamples of tree pollens that can cause symptoms.
• GrassesTimothy grass, cocksfoot and ryegrassGrasses found in meadows and other grassy areas.
• Other plantsMugwort and ragweedTheir presence and the level of exposure vary by region.

Flowering and pollen levels vary with the weather and location. Before spending time outdoors, check the Swiss pollen data and forecasts (in French) provided by the Pollen and Allergy portal using MeteoSwiss data.

Understanding the context of your symptoms

The assessment begins with your observations: when symptoms appear, where you are, how long they last and any treatments you have tried. Seasonal patterns can provide a clue, but are not enough on their own to identify the allergen.

Depending on the situation, skin tests or a targeted blood test may complement the discussion. A positive test indicates sensitisation, meaning that the immune system recognises the allergen. It needs to match your symptoms to explain what you are experiencing.

Three ways to help

Limiting exposure

A few habits may help during periods when the pollen that affects you is present:

• Plan outdoor activities around local pollen forecasts.
• Wear glasses outdoors to reduce contact with your eyes.
• After exposure, wash your hair and change your clothes outside the bedroom.
• Avoid drying laundry outdoors when pollen levels are high.

Relieving symptoms

Antihistamines or nasal and eye treatments may be suggested. The choice depends on your symptoms, their impact and your medical circumstances. The practice will explain how to use the chosen treatment.

Discussing desensitisation

Allergen immunotherapy, or desensitisation, aims to change the body’s reaction to the identified allergen. When appropriate, it can provide a lasting reduction in symptoms and the need for treatment.

It requires a precise diagnosis, an assessment of its potential benefit for you and medical follow-up. It does not guarantee a cure and is not suitable in every situation. If you have asthma, its level of control is part of the assessment.

Read the reference on desensitisation

Before your consultation

If you can, make a note of when and in what circumstances your symptoms occur. Bring a list of your treatments and the results of any previous tests. For medicines to take or stop before a possible test, follow only the practice’s instructions.